▸Intro / Preamble
Add a new section 150D to the general laws at chapter 149, which shall read as follows:
▸SECTION 150D
Construction Industry Private Attorney General Action
(a) Whereas wage law enforcement and honest bid competition are compelling state interest, its police powers for enforcement shall include, but not be limited to, this section:
a. Construction Industry employment makes more difficult protecting employees against Wage Non-Payment and competing employers against unfair competition based on Wage Non-payment, as employees and employers navigate during single pay-periods multiple construction sites throughout the Commonwealth and neighboring or other states;
b. Most construction firms employ fewer than twelve employees inhibiting employees similarly situated to obtain class certification under court rules;
c. An employer’s failure to comply with wage payment and related law provides competitive advantage that illegally shaves costs resulting in illegally deflated bids to compete against honest employers, and such illegal conduct harms competition including by way of workers compensation insurance premium evasion –affecting insurance rates and causes payroll tax loss to the Commonwealth increasing the public’s tax burdens; and
d. Construction Industry higher tier contractors often contract with the lowest price bidder; and
e. The public is harmed when higher tier contractors subcontract to business enterprises or lower tier subcontractors that cheat to compete by failing to fully comply with wage payment laws and regulations; and
f. The public is harmed when employees lack proper wages on payday, including but not limited to the difficulty for an unpaid employee to meet his or her financial obligation owed to others in the stream of commerce or marketplace causing public harms that include, for example, unpaid rent, mortgages, medical bills and related insurance payments, automobile expenses, and other common living expenses; and
g. The public is benefited when:
i. Construction competition among bidders is based on honest bid competition as honesty promotes competition; and
ii. An Interested Party pursues wage law compliance on behalf of the Commonwealth as it best ensures non-complying construction employers will experience exposure and the consequences when they do not pay their statutory and contractual wage related obligations.
(b) Definitions, for this section 150D:
“Construction Industry” shall have the broadest meaning possible to include but not be limited to drivers delivering construction material to construction sites for employers who primarily deliver such materials, residential contracting services referenced in chapter 142A, and any labor performed on private projects that are of a similar type of labor performed on public projects governed by section 27.
“Construction Industry Employer” means any person who or entity that, within the 5-year period preceding the date an action under this section was filed: i) contracted to perform work, regardless of contract or subcontract tier level, on a project governed by section 27 of this chapter after having submitted a bid for same and who employed employees who performed labor under that contract; or ii) contracted to perform construction work located in the Commonwealth in excess of $500,000, regardless of contract or subcontract tier level, and employed Construction Industry employees who performed labor under that contract.
“Interested Party” means any one or more of the following:
1. Any Construction Industry Employer;
2. Any trustee acting on behalf of an organization or trust established for the purposes of the Labor Management Cooperation Act of 1978, 29 U.S.C. section 175a, where contributions are made by at least five Construction Industry Employers;
3. Any labor organization which has as members, or is authorized to represent, employees and which exists in whole or part for the purposes of negotiating with Construction Industry Employers concerning wages, hours, or terms and conditions of employment of such employer’s employees; or
4. Any organization that represents five or more member firms that are Construction Industry Employers that employed labor on public works project governed by section 27 of this chapter or
5. Any Affected Employee.
“Wage Non-payment” means the failure to pay a wage owed to an Affected Employee in violation of any of the following statutes or contract provision: sections 27, 148, 148A, 148B, or 150 of the general laws at chapter 149; or section 1A of the general laws at chapter 151; or any contract provision that required the payment of wages on a construction project in accord with rates required under section 27 of chapter 149.
“Affected Employee” means any Construction Industry employee or former employee who was employed by an individual or firm named as a defendant employer in an action filed under this section where such employee remains due from such defendant any Wage Non-payment whatsoever, regardless as to where or the type of labor was performed, provided that a substantial part of the Wage Non-payment owed was earned by the employee while performing Construction Industry labor as employee of such defendant.
(c) Civil Action: In addition to all common law, contract, or other remedies available at law, an Interested Party alleging facts that show probable cause that an employer has engaged in or caused a Wage Non-payment shall have standing and be entitled to bring an action in the name of and on behalf of the Commonwealth and the public, for the use and benefit of same, against such employer to recover damages and penalties stated in this section.
A civil action filed under this section shall be deemed a private attorney general action. The representative nature of such an action on behalf of the Commonwealth is not waivable and shall not be deemed a class action, so long as there is at least a common question of law or fact among at least two Affected Employees. Regardless as to whether any Affected Employee’s claim must be arbitrated, the representative action on behalf of the Commonwealth cannot be waived or compelled to arbitration. Further, the Interested Party bringing such representative claim shall not have to wait for an arbitration decision or award before proceeding in court under this section.
The Interested Party filing an action under this section shall provide a copy of the complaint for the purposes of notice to the attorneys general, within 10 business days of the filing. If the Interested Party prevails in the action, the court shall award treble the Wage Non-payment damages, as liquidated damages, to any Affected Employee who has, following a court approved notice of same, responded to the court within 90 calendar days, affirming an interest in a recovery, which notice shall be interpreted liberally to encourage Affected Employees to respond and affirm such an interest. A twenty percent surcharge tax on the total amount awarded by the court-including on attorney fees, in addition to other usual income taxes due, on this recovery shall be paid into a wage enforcement fund established by the attorney general. Such fund shall be used by the attorney general to enforce wage laws, educate the public, particularly employers and employees, about wage law obligations and rights, and when the attorney general deems the fund is sufficiently funded, to advance some payment by loan pending an action under this section and upon the attorney general’s sole and exclusive discretion, to an Affected Employee showing urgent need to obtain unpaid wages to pay housing, heat, or food costs.
In addition, the Interested Party who prevails under this section shall be entitled to recover for the Commonwealth penalties, and Wage Non-payments as restitution incurred by each other Affected Employee who did not respond affirming an interest, as follows: For each violation of law, the court shall order the defendant employer to pay into the wage enforcement defendant employer should have paid to each Affected Employee who did not respond timely to a court approved notice affirming an interest in a recovery; the attorney general shall hold in escrow such amounts until the original statute of limitation period applicable against the defendant employer to expire on such restitution obtained in the event the Affective Employee reconsiders and seeks the restitution. But, after such limitations period has expired with no such employee claim, the amount shall escheat to the wage enforcement fund. A defendant employer ordered to pay into the wage enforcement fund as single Wage-Nonpayment damages restitution incurred for labor performed by an Affected Employee who failed to affirm an interest in a recovery shall be entitled to a set-off of such amount paid against a future Wage Non-payment or other wage action filed by or on behalf of such Affected Employee, but no set-off shall apply to the $50 per pay period penalty. In addition, the Interested Party may also bring on behalf of the Commonwealth a claim for injunctive and declaratory relief. An Interested Party that prevails in any action filed under this section shall be awarded the costs of the litigation and reasonable fees.
An action filed under this section shall be filed within limitation period of the Wage Non-payment at issue, except that where a Wage Non-payment also includes a violation of contract the Interested Party shall be a third-party beneficiary of the contract, including any public procurement contract, and recovery applicable to that portion of the action shall include amounts due within the limitations period set forth under section 2 of the general laws at chapter 260; for such contract action filed beyond the limitation period of the Wage Non-payment at issue liquidated damages shall not be awarded unless the contract recites otherwise and the court may award fees for such contract provision portion of the action in accord with the contract or its discretion.
On the trial no defense for failure to pay as required, other than the attachment of wages by trustee process or a valid assignment thereof or a valid set-off against the same, or the absence of the employee from his regular place of labor at the time of payment, or an actual tender to such employee at the time of payment of the wages so earned by him, shall be valid. The defendant shall not set up as a defense a payment of wages made or offered after the action under this section has been filed.
The superior court shall have jurisdiction to hear an action filed under this section regardless as to the amount in controversy. Any provision in this section found to be unenforceable or invalid shall not affect other provisions in this section which shall remain valid and enforceable.
Attorney General Intervention: As a matter of right the attorney general may intervene as a plaintiff at any time, including post trial, by notice of same filed with the court or may file an appearance to be served all pleadings and discovery for monitoring. In the event that she intervenes, the attorney general shall thenceforth represent the Commonwealth as plaintiff, not the Interested Party. The Interested Party shall retain party status, if it so chooses, for purposes that may include and not be limited to providing opportunity for the Interested Party to raise its interests or concerns including regarding any settlement proposed or to recover, if appropriate, its reasonable costs and fees incurred. The attorney general shall not settle the matter with the defendant without the participation in all settlement communications with the Interested Party who retained party status and without first obtaining such Interested Party’s informed consent which shall not be reasonably withheld.
Nothing in this section shall be deemed as an exclusive remedy and this section shall not affect the rights of the attorney general or any other person to pursue additional or other remedies available by way of other laws or available actions.
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Add a new section 150D to the general laws at chapter 149, which shall read as follows:
Section 150D Construction Industry Private Attorney General Action
(a) Whereas wage law enforcement and honest bid competition are compelling state interest, its police powers for enforcement shall include, but not be limited to, this section:
a. Construction Industry employment makes more difficult protecting employees against Wage Non-Payment and competing employers against unfair competition based on Wage Non-payment, as employees and employers navigate during single pay-periods multiple construction sites throughout the Commonwealth and neighboring or other states;
b. Most construction firms employ fewer than twelve employees inhibiting employees similarly situated to obtain class certification under court rules;
c. An employer’s failure to comply with wage payment and related law provides competitive advantage that illegally shaves costs resulting in illegally deflated bids to compete against honest employers, and such illegal conduct harms competition including by way of workers compensation insurance premium evasion –affecting insurance rates and causes payroll tax loss to the Commonwealth increasing the public’s tax burdens; and
d. Construction Industry higher tier contractors often contract with the lowest price bidder; and
e. The public is harmed when higher tier contractors subcontract to business enterprises or lower tier subcontractors that cheat to compete by failing to fully comply with wage payment laws and regulations; and
f. The public is harmed when employees lack proper wages on payday, including but not limited to the difficulty for an unpaid employee to meet his or her financial obligation owed to others in the stream of commerce or marketplace causing public harms that include, for example, unpaid rent, mortgages, medical bills and related insurance payments, automobile expenses, and other common living expenses; and
g. The public is benefited when:
i. Construction competition among bidders is based on honest bid competition as honesty promotes competition; and
ii. An Interested Party pursues wage law compliance on behalf of the Commonwealth as it best ensures non-complying construction employers will experience exposure and the consequences when they do not pay their statutory and contractual wage related obligations.
(b) Definitions, for this section 150D:
“Construction Industry” shall have the broadest meaning possible to include but not be limited to drivers delivering construction material to construction sites for employers who primarily deliver such materials, residential contracting services referenced in chapter 142A, and any labor performed on private projects that are of a similar type of labor performed on public projects governed by section 27.
“Construction Industry Employer” means any person who or entity that, within the 5-year period preceding the date an action under this section was filed: i) contracted to perform work, regardless of contract or subcontract tier level, on a project governed by section 27 of this chapter after having submitted a bid for same and who employed employees who performed labor under that contract; or ii) contracted to perform construction work located in the Commonwealth in excess of $500,000, regardless of contract or subcontract tier level, and employed Construction Industry employees who performed labor under that contract.
“Interested Party” means any one or more of the following:
1. Any Construction Industry Employer;
2. Any trustee acting on behalf of an organization or trust established for the purposes of the Labor Management Cooperation Act of 1978, 29 U.S.C. section 175a, where contributions are made by at least five Construction Industry Employers;
3. Any labor organization which has as members, or is authorized to represent, employees and which exists in whole or part for the purposes of negotiating with Construction Industry Employers concerning wages, hours, or terms and conditions of employment of such employer’s employees; or
4. Any organization that represents five or more member firms that are Construction Industry Employers that employed labor on public works project governed by section 27 of this chapter or
5. Any Affected Employee.
“Wage Non-payment” means the failure to pay a wage owed to an Affected Employee in violation of any of the following statutes or contract provision: sections 27, 148, 148A, 148B, or 150 of the general laws at chapter 149; or section 1A of the general laws at chapter 151; or any contract provision that required the payment of wages on a construction project in accord with rates required under section 27 of chapter 149.
“Affected Employee” means any Construction Industry employee or former employee who was employed by an individual or firm named as a defendant employer in an action filed under this section where such employee remains due from such defendant any Wage Non-payment whatsoever, regardless as to where or the type of labor was performed, provided that a substantial part of the Wage Non-payment owed was earned by the employee while performing Construction Industry labor as employee of such defendant.
(c) Civil Action: In addition to all common law, contract, or other remedies available at law, an Interested Party alleging facts that show probable cause that an employer has engaged in or caused a Wage Non-payment shall have standing and be entitled to bring an action in the name of and on behalf of the Commonwealth and the public, for the use and benefit of same, against such employer to recover damages and penalties stated in this section.
A civil action filed under this section shall be deemed a private attorney general action. The representative nature of such an action on behalf of the Commonwealth is not waivable and shall not be deemed a class action, so long as there is at least a common question of law or fact among at least two Affected Employees. Regardless as to whether any Affected Employee’s claim must be arbitrated, the representative action on behalf of the Commonwealth cannot be waived or compelled to arbitration. Further, the Interested Party bringing such representative claim shall not have to wait for an arbitration decision or award before proceeding in court under this section.
The Interested Party filing an action under this section shall provide a copy of the complaint for the purposes of notice to the attorneys general, within 10 business days of the filing. If the Interested Party prevails in the action, the court shall award treble the Wage Non-payment damages, as liquidated damages, to any Affected Employee who has, following a court approved notice of same, responded to the court within 90 calendar days, affirming an interest in a recovery, which notice shall be interpreted liberally to encourage Affected Employees to respond and affirm such an interest. A twenty percent surcharge tax on the total amount awarded by the court-including on attorney fees, in addition to other usual income taxes due, on this recovery shall be paid into a wage enforcement fund established by the attorney general. Such fund shall be used by the attorney general to enforce wage laws, educate the public, particularly employers and employees, about wage law obligations and rights, and when the attorney general deems the fund is sufficiently funded, to advance some payment by loan pending an action under this section and upon the attorney general’s sole and exclusive discretion, to an Affected Employee showing urgent need to obtain unpaid wages to pay housing, heat, or food costs.
In addition, the Interested Party who prevails under this section shall be entitled to recover for the Commonwealth penalties, and Wage Non-payments as restitution incurred by each other Affected Employee who did not respond affirming an interest, as follows: For each violation of law, the court shall order the defendant employer to pay into the wage enforcement defendant employer should have paid to each Affected Employee who did not respond timely to a court approved notice affirming an interest in a recovery; the attorney general shall hold in escrow such amounts until the original statute of limitation period applicable against the defendant employer to expire on such restitution obtained in the event the Affective Employee reconsiders and seeks the restitution. But, after such limitations period has expired with no such employee claim, the amount shall escheat to the wage enforcement fund. A defendant employer ordered to pay into the wage enforcement fund as single Wage-Nonpayment damages restitution incurred for labor performed by an Affected Employee who failed to affirm an interest in a recovery shall be entitled to a set-off of such amount paid against a future Wage Non-payment or other wage action filed by or on behalf of such Affected Employee, but no set-off shall apply to the $50 per pay period penalty. In addition, the Interested Party may also bring on behalf of the Commonwealth a claim for injunctive and declaratory relief. An Interested Party that prevails in any action filed under this section shall be awarded the costs of the litigation and reasonable fees.
An action filed under this section shall be filed within limitation period of the Wage Non-payment at issue, except that where a Wage Non-payment also includes a violation of contract the Interested Party shall be a third-party beneficiary of the contract, including any public procurement contract, and recovery applicable to that portion of the action shall include amounts due within the limitations period set forth under section 2 of the general laws at chapter 260; for such contract action filed beyond the limitation period of the Wage Non-payment at issue liquidated damages shall not be awarded unless the contract recites otherwise and the court may award fees for such contract provision portion of the action in accord with the contract or its discretion.
On the trial no defense for failure to pay as required, other than the attachment of wages by trustee process or a valid assignment thereof or a valid set-off against the same, or the absence of the employee from his regular place of labor at the time of payment, or an actual tender to such employee at the time of payment of the wages so earned by him, shall be valid. The defendant shall not set up as a defense a payment of wages made or offered after the action under this section has been filed.
The superior court shall have jurisdiction to hear an action filed under this section regardless as to the amount in controversy. Any provision in this section found to be unenforceable or invalid shall not affect other provisions in this section which shall remain valid and enforceable.
Attorney General Intervention: As a matter of right the attorney general may intervene as a plaintiff at any time, including post trial, by notice of same filed with the court or may file an appearance to be served all pleadings and discovery for monitoring. In the event that she intervenes, the attorney general shall thenceforth represent the Commonwealth as plaintiff, not the Interested Party. The Interested Party shall retain party status, if it so chooses, for purposes that may include and not be limited to providing opportunity for the Interested Party to raise its interests or concerns including regarding any settlement proposed or to recover, if appropriate, its reasonable costs and fees incurred. The attorney general shall not settle the matter with the defendant without the participation in all settlement communications with the Interested Party who retained party status and without first obtaining such Interested Party’s informed consent which shall not be reasonably withheld.
Nothing in this section shall be deemed as an exclusive remedy and this section shall not affect the rights of the attorney general or any other person to pursue additional or other remedies available by way of other laws or available actions.